CAGE codes are assigned to U.S.-based entities by the Defense Logistics Agency, while NCAGE codes are issued to international businesses by NATO’s Support and Procurement Agency. Both are five-character alphanumeric identifiers required for federal contracting through SAM. The key difference lies in geographic location: U.S. businesses need CAGE codes, and international entities require NCAGE codes. Both codes remain valid for five years and require regular SAM registration updates. Further exploration reveals important documentation distinctions between domestic and international registration processes.
Understanding CAGE vs. NCAGE: What’s the Difference?
When traversing the world of government contracting, understanding the distinction between CAGE and NCAGE codes is essential for proper registration and compliance.
These five-character alphanumeric identifiers serve different populations based on geographic location.
CAGE codes, assigned by the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), are exclusively for businesses operating within the United States and its territories. In contrast, NCAGE codes are designated for international entities located outside the U.S. and are issued by the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA).
The code purpose for both identifiers is similar—they provide unique identification for entities doing business with the U.S. government. These codes are required prerequisites for selling to any government agency, ensuring proper identification throughout the procurement process.
However, the registration process differs greatly. Domestic entities obtain CAGE codes through the System for Award Management (SAM), while international organizations must register through the NSPA ePortal to secure an NCAGE code before completing SAM registration. Both CAGE and NCAGE codes help represent a company’s physical address in a standardized format for government identification purposes. Obtaining these codes is a crucial step in becoming eligible for contracts and grants issued by federal agencies.
How Location Determines Your Code Type in Federal Contracting
The physical location of a business entity serves as the primary determinant for whether a CAGE or NCAGE code is required for federal contracting participation.
Geographic location determines whether your business needs a CAGE or NCAGE code for federal contracting eligibility.
Entities with physical addresses within the United States receive CAGE codes, while international businesses are assigned NCAGE codes.
This location impact directly influences the code assignment process managed by the Defense Logistics Agency. Businesses must register through the System for Award Management (SAM) using their physical address—not a PO box or mailing address.
Each 5-character code uniquely identifies a specific business location for procurement tracking purposes.
The geographical basis of these codes helps the government manage its supply chain efficiently across domestic and international partners.
For federal contracting entities, understanding this distinction is essential as the correct code type is mandatory for contract eligibility, especially for awards above certain dollar thresholds.
These unique identifiers serve as crucial elements that streamline procurement processes by providing essential information about the business entity to federal agencies.
Contracting officers should assist vendors without CAGE codes rather than denying solicitation packages due to the absence of these identification codes.
Both CAGE codes and NCAGE codes are valid for a five-year period and require renewal through maintaining an updated SAM registration to ensure continued eligibility for government contracting opportunities.
Essential Steps for Obtaining the Right Code for Your Entity
Securing the appropriate CAGE or NCAGE code requires careful attention to documentation and procedural requirements established by the Defense Logistics Agency. The registration process varies considerably based on entity location, with domestic organizations following a streamlined path through SAM.gov.
Domestic entities must provide their legal business name, physical address, TIN (either EIN or SSN), and banking information during registration. Additionally, documentation requirements include a business license, articles of incorporation for corporations, and current contact details.
International entities face additional steps, including:
- Submitting translated business documents in English
- Providing proof of local business registration
- Ensuring international address validation according to local standards
- Complying with global trade regulations
All entities must maintain current information in their SAM accounts, using the Entity Status Tracker to monitor registration status and promptly updating any changes to physical address or business structure. Completed registrations will remain active for 365 days after successful submission and processing. SAM consolidates multiple older systems into one streamlined platform to enhance efficiency in federal procurement processes. Accuracy during the initial registration is critical as incorrect information can lead to significant delays and potentially missed contracting opportunities with the government.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Transfer My Cage/Ncage Code to Another Business Entity?
No, CAGE codes cannot be transferred to another business entity.
CAGE code transfer is prohibited because these identifiers are specifically assigned to a unique legal entity at a particular physical address.
When ownership or business structure changes considerably, the new business entity must obtain its own CAGE code through the SAM registration process.
Any changes to business ownership must be reported to the contracting officer within 30 days to maintain compliance with federal regulations.
How Do I Update My Address Associated With My CAGE Code?
To update an address associated with a CAGE code, the entity must first modify the Physical Address in their SAM.gov account.
This action automatically triggers an eMod modification in the system. Changes typically reflect within 24 hours.
For domestic entities, the entire CAGE code address update process occurs through SAM.gov, while international entities with NCAGE codes may need additional steps through NATO systems.
Users should also update the Mailing Address field separately if necessary.
Are CAGE Codes Public Information or Considered Confidential?
CAGE codes are fully public information, not confidential. Unlike social security numbers or EINs, CAGE code privacy is not a concern in business operations.
The codes are designed for public accessibility through the CAGE Public database, ensuring transparency in government procurement processes. This openness allows businesses to verify contractors and subcontractors, facilitates proper identification in government systems, and supports the integrity of federal contracting activities.
What Happens if My CAGE Code Expires During Contract Performance?
When a CAGE code expires during contract performance, the contractor risks immediate noncompliance with FAR 52.204-18.
This expiration can trigger payment holds, potential contract termination, and disqualification from modifications.
The renewal process requires proactive action 60-90 days before expiration to prevent disruptions.
Contractors must notify contracting officers within 30 days of any CAGE code changes to maintain compliance and guarantee uninterrupted contract performance.
Can Subcontractors Use the Prime Contractor’s Cage/Ncage Code?
No, subcontractors cannot use the prime contractor’s CAGE/NCAGE code. Each entity requires its own unique identifier for federal contracting.
Subcontractor eligibility depends on obtaining their individual CAGE code, except in limited exemptions under FAR 4.605(c)(2).
Prime contractor responsibilities include ensuring subcontractors have proper registration. Without separate CAGE codes, primes may face reporting difficulties and compliance issues during federal audits, particularly for DoD/NASA contracts requiring subcontractor tracking.